Position of Elements in the Modern Periodic Table


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Position of Elements in the Modern Periodic Table

Position of the Elements in the Modern Periodic Table:

In order to find the position of an element in the periodic table, first write its electronic configuration then find period and group number from its electronic configuration in the following way:

  •   The period number of an element is equal to the number of electron shells in its atom. e.g. if the atom of an element has 2 electron shells (K and L), then it belongs to 2nd period.
  •     If two (or more) elements have the same number of valence shells, then they belong to the same period of the periodic table.
  •    The group number of an element having up to two valence electrons is equal to the number of valence electrons. E.g. if an element has 1 valence electron, it belongs to group 1. And if an element has 2 valence electrons, it belongs to group 2 of the periodic table. The ‘group number’ of an element having more than 2 valence electrons is equal to the number of valence electrons plus 10’. E.g. if an element has 3 valence electrons then its group number will be 3 + 10 = 13.
  •     If two (or more) elements have the same number of valence electrons then they belong to the same group of the periodic table.
  • Some Facts:

    Position of elements in the periodic table also tells us about their chemical reactivity. If they are present at extreme left or extreme right, they are highly reactive metals and non-metals respectively.

  • Ionic bond is formed when there is transfer of electrons from metal to non-metal and
  • Covalent bond is formed when there is sharing of electrons between two non-metals.
  •  Lanthanoides and actinoides are kept at the bottom of the periodic table because they resemble each other but do not resemble with other group elements.
  • Explanation of the Anomalies of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table:

    Different anomalies of Mendeleev’s periodic table can be explained with the help of modern periodic table as:

  • The fundamental basis for modern periodic table is atomic number, not atomic mass, hence it is more accurate.
  • Since, the table is based on atomic number and isotopes have same atomic number and chemical properties, so they can be put at one place in the same group of the periodic table.
  •   In this periodic table, a unique position has been given to hydrogen. It is kept at the top left corner because of its unique characteristics.
  •   The position of cobalt and nickel is justified itself because atomic number of cobalt is less than atomic number of nickel.
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